Rope.



P. FREDERICK,

ROPE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. s, 1911.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

a iawwa Jew EDWARD r. FREDERICK, 01' ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

ROPE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

Application filed February 6, 1911. Serial No. 606,756.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD P. FREDERICK, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Ropes, of which thefollowing is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention consists of a compound rope or cable. In forming same anew arrangement of the units or component parts is utilized by whichgreater pliability and increased strength are secured. As thusconstructed, this rope has been found of especial serviceability anddurability in work on the Panama Canal in connection with ballastunloaders and in the work of relation of the external members'to thegrooves or interstices between the internal .members; and Fig. 3 is atransverse section through a rope or cable exhibltmg, also, the

relation of said ternal members. I

For the sake of perspicuity, distinction will hereinafter be madebetween the use of external members to the inthe terms wires, strands,ropes, and cables.

In the nomenclature of this description, 1 denotes a wire. A group ofwires 1 composes a strand- 2. The structure as a whole will hereinafterbe termed a compound rope or cable. It has heretofore been customary toform cables of this general character with a core composed of membershaving their lay in one direction and the external members with theirlay in a difi'erent direction. Otherwise stated, the practice in thepast has been to disregard divergence in the lay of the outer and innermembers, The result has been great variety and conflict in the lay ofthe wires of the core and of the external units or members combined.therewith to form a rope or cable; In such a structure, members crossingeach other at a right angle, or other abrupt angle, abrade each other,and thereby weaken the rope or cable. This drawback is obviated in thepresent invention bymaking the lay uniformly in the same direction, asshown in the drawings. Furthermore, due to this unlformity of lay, 1t ispossible to use strands having larger wires, and thus the maximumstrength of the rope or cable is.

increased. Thus, the present invention increases the strength'of arope'or cable in, at least, two respects.

. A hemp rope 3, or a wire, may be used to form. the center member forthe core 4, around which the strands 2 that form the outer layer arewound like a sheath. Interstices or grooves 5 are formed between thestrands 2 that form the core 4, said corebeing composed of a pluralityof strands 2 formed of wires 1. These interstices receive their shapeand direction from the direction of the lay of the strands-2 formingsaid core.

.The main feature of the present invention consists in imparting to thestrands2 forming the sheath or outside layer of the rope or cable thesame lay as that of the strands 2 forming the core 4 and, furthermore,in locating the strands 2 composing said sheath or outer layer in theinterstices or grooves 5 of the core 4. By reason of the strands 2 ofthe outer layer or sheath of the rope or cable lying in said intersticesor grooves located between the strands 2 forming the core 4, abrasion ofboth the inner and the outer members is prevented, and it is possible tomake a much more compact body than where the lay of the external membersisacross, instead of in, said interstices. In this way, with lesscircumference, greater strength will be obtained than in the oldstyleropes or cables in which, in the first place, the lay of the outer andinner members was not made uniform, and, in the second place, themembers forming the outer between the inner members. Moreover, theflexibility of the rope or cable as a whole is enhanced by all themembers having the same lay, as, thereby, they do not bind upon eachother.

It will be observed that while interstices 5 are formed on the outsideof the core 4 between the strands 2 forming said core, interstices 6 areformed on the inner side of the external sheath layer, and, by reason ofthe location of the strands 2 of the outer layer in the interstices -5of the core 4, the strands 2 of said'core lie in the interstices 6 ofthe outer layer, the interstices 5 and 6 be-' ing thus arranged instaggered relation to each other, by reason whereof the structure as awhole is, when completed, much more c'iosely bound together. The chiefadvantages of this formation reside in preventing the wires 1 fromcreeping or twisting out of their places, when the'rope or cable isplaced in working service, and thereby obtaining a greater amount ofnatural wear during the working life thereof, vand also, in producingrope or cable having a greater adaptability to bending stresses and agreater ultimate tensile or breaking strength than is obtained. in arope or cable ofordinary type or a compound rope or cable composed ofstrands which do not lie in the interstices of the core. Having thusdescribed my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters- Patent is: TL-A compound rope or cable comprising a coreconsisting of a series of spirallywound strands, each pair of which hasan interstice therebetween, and a sheath incas ,"lng said core andconsisting of a series of 2 {strands wound spirally around the same,

each pair of sheath strands having an interistice therebetween, saidsheath strands hav "ing exactly the same lay as the core strands andlying directlyin the interstices between said'core strands, and the corestrands, in turn, lying exactly in the interstices-between the sheathstrands, each strand of said core a duced therebetween, and a sheathincasing said core and consisting of a series of strands wound spirallyaround the same, each pair of sheath strands having an intersticetherebetween, said sheath strands having exactly the same lay as thecore strandsand lying directly in the interstices between said corestrands, and the core strands, in

turn, lying exactly in the interstices between the sheath strands, eachstrand of said core and of said sheath being composed of a series ofspirally-wound wires.

In testimony whereof I- hereunto atfix my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses. EDWARD P. FREDERICK. Witnesses:

GLADYS WALTON, GEORGE G. ANDERSON.

